Business Academic Skills Essay

Question: Evaluation of the business conduct in the clothing, textile and footwear industries. Answer: Introduction With the universal recognition of the clothing, textile and footwear (CTF) industries and the globalization of the economy playing as the driving force for development and growth, ethical principles are important for the well-being of the workers and the organization. The industries with a strong sense of ethical responsibilities are in a constant process to improve the employee condition through strategic measures and innovative policies customized for their employees (Fibre2fashion.com 2016). However, there are incidences where especially the international labors are exploited and the domestic workers are mistreated. This assignment will determine that business ethics are essential in the clothing, textile and footwear industries and the principles of Global Business Standards Codex are crucial for evaluation of the business conduct. Fair business policies will promote the ethical virtues in the organization that will bring justice to the workers. Fast fashion is the trend at the moment with reinvented supply chains that promotes globalization (Tokatli 2008). Globalization promotes the economic development of the country which in turn improves the material welfare of the workers. This can be maintained with fairness in the labor laws and standards. With globalization, the problem of exploitation has aggravated and although several preventive procedures have been adopted, they are not sufficient to protect the international workers in the foreign lands (Keiser and Garner 2012). The dignity of the workers and transparency in business can be maintained with proper protection of labor rights (Pc.gov.au 2016). It is the ethical responsibility of the CTF organizations to protect their workers and conduct a healthy business without exploitation and injustice. This includes providing the workers with reasonable wages, appropriate living and working conditions (Hoang and Jones 2012. This will also improve the output of the labors and therefore, the productivity will also be high. Sociopolitical reforms aids to play a critical role in reducing violations of the labor laws and sound inter-business agreements prevents exertion of pressure on the workers with longer deadlines (Life-Cycle 2012). Workers rights and safety are thus protected with these ethical measures. Justified pricing of the products even in the era of fast fashion can generate revenues to maintain the ethical standards of the organization for employee welfare. Distribution of benefits is a broad term that applies to the CTF industry as well since globalization is in progress with global sourcing. Equal benefits should be offered to the workers of an organization with international and domestic workers and judgment should be impartial (Hw.ac.uk 2016). Promotion of fair trade principles also helps to reduce the economic burden on the supplying firms and this, in turn, helps to reduce deception and cheating of the workers along with over burdening with work. Corporate social responsibilities and designated labor standards are very much effective in maintaining the dignity of the workers and transparency and fairness in the business (Hoang and Jones 2012). Evidence does not support these ethical statements as there are incidences that expose the sweatshop labor and exploitation of labors in the CTF industries. Fast fashion has drastically increased the demand for CTF products and this has, in turn, made the supplying firms break the ethical chains for supplying the demands (Crinis 2010). In addition, the foreign workers hailing from poorer countries are made to work harder in the developed countries that violate their rights and dignity and even challenge the safety measures. Factory audits are falsified and labor standards are developed to exhibit fairness and transparency, however, they are never applied in the interest of the poor labors and workers. Long working hours and lower wages are associated with sweatshop labor and exploitation (Snyder 2010). From the essay, it can be deduced that although there are several measures undertaken by various countries to protect the rights and dignity of the workers, they are either not followed or violated. These results in breaching of the ethical guidelines and increase in the misery of the workers in the CTF industries. Reformed supply chain ethics can solve this issue to a greater extent (Gwilt and Rissanen 2011). Foreign labor laws can be beneficial in protecting the foreign workers in foreign lands. Corporate codes of conduct and their appropriate implementation are also important for the reduction of exploitation of labor. Overall, it can be stated that the ethical principles of Global Business Standards Codex can be beneficial in the evaluation and fair maintenance of the business conduct. References Crinis, V., 2010, Sweat or no sweat: Foreign workers in the garment industry in Malaysia,Journal of contemporary Asia,vol.40, no.4, pp.589-611, viewed 28 September 2016, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00472336.2010.507046. Fibre2fashion.com 2016,Ethical issues in fashion - the what, when, why, how and who - Free Fashion Industry Articles - Fibre2fashion.com, viewed 28 September 2016, https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2537/ethical-issues-in-fashion?page=1. Gwilt, A. and Rissanen, T., 2011.Shaping sustainable fashion: Changing the way we make and use clothes. Routledge, London. Hoang, D. and Jones, B., 2012, Why do corporate codes of conduct fail? Women workers and clothing supply chains in Vietnam,Global Social Policy, vol. 12, no.1, pp.67-85, viewed 28 September 2016, https://gsp.sagepub.com/content/12/1/67.short. Hw.ac.uk. 2016,Ethics in Fashion, Communication, Consumerism and Sustainability, MSc/Diploma - Postgraduate study, Heriot-Watt University Scottish Borders, viewed 28 September 2016, https://www.hw.ac.uk/postgraduate/ethics-fashion-communication-consumerism-sustainability.htm. Keiser, S.J. and Garner, M.B., 2012,Beyond design: The synergy of apparel product development, AC Black Edinburgh. Life-Cycle, A., 2012, Environmental impacts in the fashion industry,Textiles, Fashion and Sustainability: A special theme issue of The Journal of Corporate Citizenship (Issue 45), p.17, Greenleaf publishing, Sheffield. Pc.gov.au. (2015).Home - Productivity Commission, viewed 28 September 2016, https://www.pc.gov.au/. Snyder, J., 2010, Exploitation and sweatshop labor: Perspectives and issues,Business Ethics Quarterly,vol. 20, no. 02, pp.187-213, viewed 28 September 2016, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-ethics-quarterly/article/exploitation-and-sweatshop-labor-perspectives-and-issues/FE497F2ED299A902DF40C4A5FF071DF1. Tokatli, N., 2008, Global sourcing: insights from the global clothing industrythe case of Zara, a fast fashion retailer,Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 8, no. 1, pp.21-38, viewed 28 September 2016, https://joeg.oxfordjournals.org/content/8/1/21.short.

Outback Inc. Company Analysis

Introduction Outback Inc was established with the sole aim of reaping from the booming tourism sector in Australia. Noting that tourism has a lot of contribution to the economy of Australia, a strategic company would make use of the status quo to reap from the benefits of tourism. Basically, the population growth in the country has risen in the past to unprecedented level, and the tourism sector employs more than 500,000 people.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Outback Inc. Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, the sector spends over $85 billion annually. This sector is thriving very well in the country because of the beautiful sceneries such as beautiful landscape, unique and variety of cultures, aboriginal art, outback, and coastal lifestyles, which serve as the major attraction for a number of visitors from within and out of the country. Therefore, the research is about the study o f Outback Inc in terms of its organisational structure and design, Team working and teams, management and leadership approaches, and organisational culture. It then gives a summary of the findings and recommendations. Organisational Structure and Design Structurally, the organisation is designed to respond to the needs of consumers demands. Tasks are divided to make sure that the organisation runs efficiently. Therefore, the divisions make up the organisation structure and have been applied in the company as a way of increasing the workers’ morale during their work so that the company could realise high output in terms of quantity and quality. Notably, task division is a structural method to motivate the worker, who then would feel encouraged to put more effort in the particular line of duty he/she is performing. As a result, the company would improve the quality of the product and increase the number of unit productions. Different companies have various ways of designing the organisation tasks and making sure that the workers are motivated. In this regard, some of the ways in which the companies carry out restructuring include division of labour and coordinating them. Here, division of labour is a way of respecting diversity and opinions, ensuring that the workers are assigned duties in departments, where they qualify. This structuring should be done without any form of prejudice so that it could promote the workers based on their qualification and experience. This enhances specialisation and development of expertise in the workers’ area of interest and profession.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, the worker’s activities have to be coordinated so that efficiency could be achieved. In addition, the efficiency helps in goal accomplishment. For this situation, the company used the three work coordination, inclu ding informal communication, standardisation and formal hierarchy. When these forms of coordination are applied effectively at work, the company might minimise cases of workers unruliness. Under informal communication, Outback Inc has applied a number of means, in making sure that the workers are informed appropriately. For instance, sharing information, encouraging teamwork and media-richness enhance information sharing among the workers. Under standardisation, the company has used a number of ways in coordinating the workforce. For example, the use of formal instructions, training and outline clear goals, which would help in achieving uniformity. Moreover, standardisation also leads to the manufacturing of quality goods acceptable globally. The company also uses formal hierarchy as a form of work coordination. In this case, it applies direct supervision where the where the workers’ performance is closely monitored by the supervisor who is his/her immediate boss. Notably, th e hierarchy ensures that the leader is directly responsible for the activities to the people below him/her, but answerable to the immediate boss. This practice is commonly used in formal organisations. However, the formal hierarchical system of work coordination is slow, costly and generally not acceptable to the young people. Therefore, the organisational structure and design that Outback Inc applies intend to improve its efficiency and effectiveness. Often, the company uses comparative e approach in picking the best alternative. Besides, the comparison is also through analysis of data from other regions. In this approach that the company used, it has managed to create workable structures and proper employee coordination efforts in the management of the company affairs.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Outback Inc. Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Team Working and Teams Outback Inc encourag es the application of teamwork in most of its department on matters of technicality. The input of different people is very important if meaningful success has to be achieved by the company. For technical cases affecting the industry, teams and team working forms the best strategy for making conclusive and reliable decisions on the best course of action the company might take to avert a looming problem. As the organisation grows larger in size, it increasingly needs decentralisation of labour force. This necessitates the use of teams as a way of achieving accountability of the workers. When different duties are assigned to various groups of people, each team would be accountable to the output. This creates competition among the teams in order to achieve quality. In addition, teamwork improves efficiency at work. This is because, once the team has been assigned a specific duty, it would be upon each and all member(s) to make sure that every person does the required work with minimal s upervision. Sometimes, complex duties necessitate the use of professionals who can also organise as a team and carry out the specific and technical activities. Teamwork in the company is very essential because sometimes, majority of the people in the team might be motivated by generation factors, such as the self-fulfillments of the duties. Such people should be allowed to fulfill their dreams and inculcate such skills in running their affairs. In the company, the technology related duties that some of the employees do, such as maintaining the company website are conducted in close consideration with other teams. Notably, the work characterizes the modern generation and it is a full-filling to the team of general workforce mandated to perform such task. In fact, they are proud of the duties they perform and able to innovate. From this information, not only had the aged workers pronounced such team spirits, but also a younger generation who are flexible to, and identify with the use of technology to promote tour facilities. Despite the generation’s arguments, financial incentives are still justified for its short-term and immediate impact of teamwork actions. Therefore, teamwork is more effective than the other ways of individual motivation, which are intended to achieve a long-term impact on the organization.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Here, the uniformity of motivating the workers does not apply, because they are motivated differently depending on age and the personal preferences. For example, scholars asserted that the older workers are motivated by the comfort of their duties, which they would like to keep other than operating as a team. On the contrary, the younger workforce is mostly interested in learning and growing their skills on the duties, which they perform, thus finds it easier to work as a team than, as individuals. Therefore, they much flexible to the organizational and team changes, and they are agents of management changes. Such changes aimed at increasing the management’s responsiveness to the workers’ development and creativity actually motivates the young workers. As a result, it is most important for the company to create an enabling environment that would motivate each team, to increase the production both quantitatively and qualitatively. In exploring the determinants of reward impacts on the various teams, the management realized that there were considerable increments in the performance culture of the company as opposed to situations where the workers performed their duties individually. This is a proof that teamwork has significant impacts on the employees’ output both in the unit production and the quality. In studying the descriptive statistics of the company, the research noted that there was a systematic trend considering the team operations in the company. The other significant inference about teamwork was that there are various factors explaining the employees’ preference for operating as a team or single entities and subsequent impacts on their performance. This consideration does not forget the distinctive approaches, their significance, and the particular roles they play in increasing the workers morale, either as a team or as individuals. Management and Leadership Approach As a company operating in the hospitality industry, the company majorly used the traditional leadership style, the so called hierarchical type of leadership. Here, the decisions are made at the top then trickled down to the management and finally to the workers. Since most of the workers in the company are young, they are highly enthusiastic to learn from the available opportunities, but always struggle with the leadership because they do not want unnecessary control over their scope of duties. Therefore, the company leadership struggles to retain them as they always look for alternative employment opportunities. A critical review of the management and leadership style adopted in the company outlines the fundamental principles, which defines the company objectives. The research findings indicated that the leadership methodology in the company was more of pragmatic than theoretical approaches. Under the company management approach, the research outlined in an explicit way, that the management had adopted the latest and more practical lead ership strategies. The Leadership approaches that the company used in organising its workers, aimed at achieving a given purpose and helped the organisation in making key decisions and recommendations about the improvements, which should be done to make advancement on the working condition. The main aim of issue based management strategies in the company was to discover the various methods of motivation that the company could use to promote quality production, and the affects that the guidelines have on the employees’ performance. The other objective of issue based management approach used in the company, is to determine the workability of various motivational approaches and structural differentiation in achieving the organizational goals. According to the research, it established that the objective leadership contributed to its successful operations. Here, it could be deduced that the leadership style enhanced interpersonal relationships among the employees, and acted as a m otivation factor in the company operations. The leadership style also improved the workplace environment that was perceived as conducive and favoring the company employees. Indeed, this was a result of the coordinated effort and ensuring that the workers optimized their skills in building this relationship since it is an essential part the tourism industry. The tour operation works was also perceived by many as interesting, thus increasing the workers’ motivation and the extent they cooperated with the management, in making the leadership approaches successful. Noting that education was core in boosting the workers skills, the management used an approach that prioritized further training as a requisite for all employees. In this sense, the company also offered career advancement and recognized the workers. One could also deduce that the leaders also practiced equality in treating the workers, thus the company employees were respected and given equal treatment and development, in terms of career personal skills. The other management skill that the company used was the enhancement internal communication. In this regard, internal communication was seen as effective and a better management approach in making the information available to all the concerned parties; leave alone the benefits and the monetary rewards, which the company offered to their employees. In addition, the leaders also encouraged autonomy of work and the employees were given appraisal. In this case, the company made it an obligation that each worker was given enough responsibility to keep them busy and accountable throughout their duties. Other than only enhancing autonomy, the company formulated policies, which guaranteed the employees job security, thus making them become interested in working more for the organisation. Organisational Culture Outback Inc developed a very unique culture that rested on its objectives and goals. Indeed, the organisation culture is the entire attributes, wh ich assist in developing the organisations’s culture. This research indicated that the company culture resulted from the efforts, which the people had in their duties, while aiming at the organisational goals and objectives. In essence, the determination with which the staff exhibited for many years during their work in the company resulted to a culture of success. Nevertheless, some cultural influences originated outside the company. The organisational culture embraced principles such as span of control, formalisation, centralisation, departmentalisation, innovation, creativity and open-mindedness, in order to pursue the company goals, growth and knowledge. Apparently, the company developed passion and hard work, encouraging straightforward coordination, and specialisation are part of the company culture. The workers and other stakeholders in the organisation should contribute to the improvement of the culture that the company practices. For example, the company culture over emphasises on specialisation and the desire to succeed in advancing the quality of service offered in the company. In addition, the company used its culture as an identity that and work performance that has driven to an advanced level. The culture of specialisation encouraged the workforce to enhance their performance at work to increase the amount of production and quality. In encouraging specialisation, the company effectively used the human resources and enhanced professionalism. As a result, the company made sure that the employees are qualified and recruited in the appropriate department. Besides, each department had its members distinctively placed in various teams with people of similar qualification and interest. In this regard, the employee would carry out the duties with due diligence so that they would enhance quality individually and as a team. This measure aims at reducing the probable low performance among the workers. Furthermore, the company culture was developed as a result of decentralizing its operation and encouraging the formation of teams and teamwork. Under this practice, the company was able to meet the clients’ desire about the quality and efficiency of the services. For instance, the customers in the tour and travel sector demanded services, which fulfill their desires. The workers from each team were expected to uphold the organisational culture and act responsibly to improve the organisation image so that it may have an influx of foreigners and locals to enjoy the services. However, a number of workers in the company became more anxious about the job security, thus increased their efforts in performing the duties. This enhanced the workers performance and developed of the overall company culture. Similarities between Outback Inc and OUTBACK INC The two companies had a lot of things in common. First, they were tour-based companies in Australia. Realising that the country had great tour potential for local and international vi sitors, the companies used the infrastructure such as beautiful environment, luxurious coastal lifestyle, aboriginal arts, outback, and other cultures. The two countries depended on New Zealand, Japan, UK, China, and the USA. The countries are the niche market for foreign visitors despite the rise and fall of tour preferences. Therefore, the situation demanded increased caution when marketing the country tour destination and profiles. The two companies restructured their operations and encouraged teamwork in executing the duties. During decline in the number of visitors, the responsible teams were to take the initiative to market the company’s services and potential tour destinations so that it could see improvement in the demands of such services. Differences between Outback Inc and OUTBACK INC Some of the major differences include the following. OUTBACK INC was affected by the Iraq War that led to economic outfalls, the 1989 pilots’ strike, SARS outbreak among other disputes common to the tour sector. This interfered with the company operations during that period. Second, the company experience staff shortage that has affected the operations in the tour industry, in the country. As the industry got troubled, so did the company faced increasing challenges in promoting the operations and satisfying the needs of the visitors who defied the odds to have sometimes in the luxurious environment. Implications Some of the implications include finding amicable solution to the disputes, which rocked the tour industry in the country. This would serve as an incentive to the players in the industry. It would also increase the number of visitors because non-disputable environment is attractive to foreigners and the local tourists. Through this practice, the company would see increased number of tourists booking accommodation and the ones seeking tour assistance. The other implication is the need to enhance marketing. Here, the company should make sure that it does adequate promotion of the available and conspicuous tour destinations so as to stands of benefiting from tourism. Through proper targeted promotion, the company is capable of being successful in the industry. The company also needs to improve the accommodation facilities to realise the full potential of he industry during the peak periods. Besides, the accommodation should target a particular class to prevent the company from being irrelevant for the high class guests. Conclusion In summary, the company has made a lot of changes in terms of its organisational structure and design. Here, the organisation structures respond to the needs of consumers’ demands. Besides, the tasks are divided to make sure that the organisation runs efficiently. Team working has also been used in the company to nature expertise in various departments of the company. Notably, the input of different people is very important if meaningful success has to be achieved by the company. On matters rel ating to management and leadership approaches, the decisions are made at the top then trickled down to the management and finally to the workers. Literally, the aim of issue based management strategy that the company used was to discover the various methods of motivation that the company could use to promote quality production, and the affects that the guidelines have on the employees’ performance. Finally, the organisational culture of Outback Inc include the principles such as span of control, formalisation, centralisation, departmentalisation, innovation, creativity and open-mindedness Recommendations For success of the organisation, it is recommended that the organisation should consider creating management structures, which are viable for its operations. Secondly, the company should encourage the formation of teams and team working so that people with specific talents are allowed to share and innovate useful ways of running the affairs of various departments. Third, the company needs to adopt pragmatic, conventional and result-oriented leadership approaches so that they could succeed in managing diversity in the organisation. Finally, the organisation should promote its culture so that it could stand out during competition. This case study on Outback Inc. Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Violet D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Gettysburg Address

In â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†, by Abraham Lincoln the idea of ‘freedom for all’ was the bases on which the speech was written. There are several examples in which this theme is developed. Lincoln opened by proclaiming that our nation was found on the proposition that all mean were created equal. This one line initiated how Lincoln felt about the freedom for anyone and everyone. Lincoln proceeded to develop this theme when he remarked about the thousands of Americans who had died on the battlefield, by saying â€Å"...these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom....† Lincoln finished his speech with this line to further influence the American people to continue the fight for their freedom and to further demonstrate the theme of his speech by declaring that they would have a new birth of freedom and in showing the Americans that their fellow men who had died would still accomplish their beliefs in freedom. Throughout the speech Lincoln established the theme of ‘freedom for all’. By beginning his speech with the birth of the nation and ending his speech by describing his vision of the nation’s eventual rebirth, Lincoln made clear to the American people his belief in ‘Freedom for all’.... Free Essays on Gettysburg Address Free Essays on Gettysburg Address In â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†, by Abraham Lincoln the idea of ‘freedom for all’ was the bases on which the speech was written. There are several examples in which this theme is developed. Lincoln opened by proclaiming that our nation was found on the proposition that all mean were created equal. This one line initiated how Lincoln felt about the freedom for anyone and everyone. Lincoln proceeded to develop this theme when he remarked about the thousands of Americans who had died on the battlefield, by saying â€Å"...these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom....† Lincoln finished his speech with this line to further influence the American people to continue the fight for their freedom and to further demonstrate the theme of his speech by declaring that they would have a new birth of freedom and in showing the Americans that their fellow men who had died would still accomplish their beliefs in freedom. Throughout the speech Lincoln established the theme of ‘freedom for all’. By beginning his speech with the birth of the nation and ending his speech by describing his vision of the nation’s eventual rebirth, Lincoln made clear to the American people his belief in ‘Freedom for all’....

Word Choice Stationary vs. Stationery - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Stationary vs. Stationery - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Stationary vs. Stationery What do you call a pencil that can’t move? Stationary stationery! If you didn’t find that hilarious, we assume it must be because you’re not sure about the difference between â€Å"stationary† and â€Å"stationery† (we refuse to accept that our puns are inherently unfunny). Why arent you laughing? Is this thing on?(Photo: flickr/Benjamin Ragheb) More seriously, the terms â€Å"stationary† and â€Å"stationery† are commonly confused due to looking so similar on paper. However, since they also refer to completely different things, you need to use them correctly if you’re writing for college or work. Stationary (Not Moving) â€Å"Stationary† is an adjective meaning â€Å"immobile† or â€Å"not moving.† If you’ve ever been to a spinning class at a gym, for example, you’ll have ridden a â€Å"stationary bicycle.† Spinner 1: Are we nearly there yet?Spinner 2: Just shut up and pedal. It can also be used to describe something that can move, but isn’t currently: The driver collided with a stationary vehicle, but nobody was hurt. Another use of â€Å"stationary† is to describe an unchanging condition or quantity, such as in: A stationary population can enhance social stability. In either case, â€Å"stationary† refers to something that doesn’t move. Stationery (Office Materials) The noun â€Å"stationery† refers to office supplies, particularly paper and other writing equipment: We’re running low on stationery, so I’ve ordered paper and toner. It can also be used as an adjective when describing something related to stationery, such as a â€Å"stationery set† (a set of writing equipment) or a â€Å"stationery store† (a shop that sells stationery). Technically, the coffee doesnt count as stationery, even if most office workers would stop functioning without it. Stationary or Stationery? Since one of these terms is spelled with â€Å"-ar-† and the other with â€Å"-er-,† the key thing is remembering which is which. Luckily, this is made easier by the fact that â€Å"paper† is spelled with an â€Å"-er† at the end, as well as being an important office supply: Paper is a type of stationery. As such, if you’re describing something that, like paper, can be found in an office, the correct term will typically be â€Å"stationery.† Otherwise, the right word will be â€Å"stationary.† Remember: Stationary = Not moving Stationery = Office supplies

Oracle Database Concepts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oracle Database Concepts - Assignment Example In invoice table (2NF), item price and item description are dependent on item alone and is independent of the invoice information. Thus invoice table is further reduced to 3NF by moving the independent fields to another table named ITEM as shown below: Thus the final design has 3 tables: CUSTOMER, ITEM, and INVOICE. Customer and Item are related to INVOICE using customer id and item id respectively as foreign keys. The new tables (reduced to 3NF) are shown below: The initial design for storing invoice information had a single table. All the information was stored on the single table. This created a lot of redundancy in the database. For example, if a customer purchases three quantity of 5 items, then the information for the customer has to be repeated for all 15 (3 * 5) rows. This not only creates redundant data but also increases the database size. Further, if the customer information changes, then all the rows have to be updated. This might create a lot of update anomalies. Though this sort of anomalies can be avoided by updating all rows by using customer id in the WHERE clause, there are chances for the presence of huge records for each customer in the invoice table. This may result in heavy updates and lowers the overall efficiency and throughput. After reduction to 2NF, though the data redundancy and update anomaly is eliminated to some extent, it still exists for item information. The information for items like item description and item price is purely dependent on ITEM id and not on invoice. This may again create redundancy and update anomalies. Hence the item information is moved to a new table thereby storing each business entity in separate tables. Thus, the new design that is reduced to 3NF eliminates redundancy and update anomalies and increases the overall efficiency.

Situational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Situational Leadership - Essay Example Firstly, I need to be aware of all teachers’ skills and competencies as well as experience in the field of their respective teaching. Usually, organizational change is a complex phenomenon and has to be dealt in a systematic manner. The concept of situational leadership provides a framework for effective change leadership by identifying six stages of concern, which when addressed appropriately can help in successful implementation of any organizational change (Blanchard, 2010). Besides these stages of concern, the developmental level in the change process of each individual staff member needs to be considered (Baca & Cervantes, 1998). Based on these developmental levels, stages of concern model proposed by Hershey and Blanchard can be used for change implementation (Olson, 2008). For instance, staff with information concerns needs to be given complete information so that they can decipher the sequence of events and be able to arrive at logical reasoning behind the tasks/events . Secondly, people with personal concerns are usually worried about the impact of events/tasks or change upon themselves. These groups, usually the new teachers, are also concerned about their own abilities to cope with the change.

How a Simple Gesture of Courtesy Can Change Humanity Essay Example for Free

How a Simple Gesture of Courtesy Can Change Humanity Essay Basically, Courtesy is simply defined as showing of politeness towards other people. However, if you think about it further, this word means so much more as it can make huge changes in our lives, our nation, and the entire humanity. Nowadays, it is quite significant that we show kindness to other people, not just the ones we personally get to be acquainted with but especially those individuals we don’t know. Being civil towards each other only means that we respect each other’s opinions, way of thinking, and actions. We all know that each and every one of us are uniquely created and we have to understand those differences because we can all grow and learn from each other if we only take the time to make realizations out of these everyday actions. One good paradigm is our school community here at LPU in Manila. We have to face the reality that there can be times when we cannot contain ourselves from making a fuss out of class misunderstanding with our professors/classmates; or the never ending school violations that we get from the school guards; waiting in queue for long lines during enrollment, paying for our school fees, or merely waiting for our turn to be served food at the cafeteria; and asking for some mercy from our terror professors who finds it rather fun to see us having a difficult time accomplishing their subject requirements. These are those â€Å"some things† that can make our temper soar rocket high. At one point, before making not-so-good reactions, have we asked ourselves about how we should deal with all these? Have we thought of showing courtesy even if we feel that we’re being violated of our rights on those sometimes? I personally think that showing act of politeness can turn dreadful situations into something better. We can define ourselves with how we usually act when no one is watching. Good thoughts toward others are very important not because it can make you look excellent and ideal, but it can personally and eventually professionally hone you into a good citizen of this country. Showing that you appreciate your professors through studying well on their class can make them feel that they’re doing their jobs precisely. If we take a closer look at how these educators passionately share their knowledge with us, we’ll all realize that their profession is priceless. We should know the fact that they serve as our second parents and we must give them equal respect that we give our real ones. As a student of this university, I would have to say that courtesy doesn’t just end with showing acts of politeness and kindness inside the school premises. We should exhibit courtesy everywhere we go and with whomever we meet. Our real lives actually start when we leave school and face the sometimes unfair and harsh reality of the world. I know for sure that if we only give out courtesy not just from our minds but also from our hearts, we can change this country’s state and become one of the best from around the globe. We cannot just leave our country’s success to the government. Because again, courtesy plays a huge part into making a country stand out. Being a good citizen is not about becoming a politician that can guide this country and its people. We can be our simple selves and yet make a huge difference by doing our part. We can show courteousness through abiding law; helping out other Filipinos; supporting our government’s projects; having a warm heart for less fortunate; sharing our knowledge through hard work; and being honest, just and fair. Filipinos are known to be hard working, respectful, kind, and humble. If we keep on improving not just because we want to be successful but also to become better persons each day, the whole world can perceive how simple courtesy can make everything better. The whole world needs courtesy just like it needs love. Courteousness is one of the significant factors that can make an individual, a nation, and humanity exceptional. Courtesy starts with us. It is given and should not be asked for.